Later, in 1908, he joined a newspaper in the Austrian town of Trento. Benito wrote a novel, "The Cardinal's Mistress".
He was later expelled by the Austrians. Benito became the editor at Forli of a socialist newspaper, La Lotta di Classe (The Class Struggle).
By 1910, Mussolini became secretary of the local Socialist party. When Italy declared war on Turkey in 1911, Mussolini was imprisoned for pacifist propaganda. Mussolini became editor of the official Socialist newspaper "Avanti". He moved to Milan.
As World War I broke out, Mussolini stated that Italy should not join. However, several months later he unexpectedly changed his position. He left the Socialist party.
In 1914, Mussolini founded a new paper, "Il Popolo d'Italia", and the group "Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria". Mussolini was called up for military service where he was wounded in grenade practice in 1917.
Fascism became an organized political movement in March 1919 when Mussolini founded the Fasci de Combattimento. Mussolini entered parliament in 1921. When the governments of Giovanni Giolitti, Ivanoe Bonomi, and Luigi Facta failed, Mussolini was invited by the king in October 1922, to form government.
Mussolini introduced strict censorship. He assumed dictatorial powers and dissolved all other political parties. In 1929 a concordat with the Vatican was signed, by which the Italian state was recognized by the Roman Catholic Church.
In foreign policy, Mussolini shifted to a form of aggressive nationalism. He bombed Corfu in 1923. He set up a puppet regime in Albania. He formed an alliance with Nazi Germany.
He made the "Pact of Steel" with Hitler in May, 1939. In April 1939, he occupied Albania. After the fall of France, Mussolini declared war.
His army was of poor quality, and soon suffered defeats. His colleagues turned against him. The king dismissed and arrested him.
Mussolini was rescued by the Germans.
He set up a Republican Fascist state in northern Italy.
In April 1945, Mussolini, along with his mistress Clara Petacci, was caught by Italian partisans.
He was executed.
World War Two
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