Rosacea is a chronic skin disease that affects both the skin and the eyes.
The disorder is characterized by redness, bumps, pimples, and, in advanced stages, thickened skin on the nose.
ROSACEA usually occurs on the face, although the neck and upper chest are also sometimes involved.
It usually occurs in adults between the ages of 30 and 60.
A tendency to develop rosacea may be inherited.
Doctors generally classify rosacea into four types based on symptoms.
The earliest recognizable stage is called prerosacea.
Signs and symptoms at this stage include frequent episodes of flushing and redness of the face and neck that come and go.
Some people, often people with a history of vascular rosacea, also develop inflammatory rosacea.
With this form of the disease, people develop pink bumps (papules) and pimples.
Thin red lines that look like a road map may also appear as the small blood vessels of the face get larger and show through the skin.
In a few men with rosacea, a condition called rhinophyma develops.
This type of rosacea is characterized by an enlarged, bulbous red nose.
In addition to skin problems rosacea may lead to conditions involving the eyes in about 50 percent of those affected.
Typical symptoms include redness, burning, tearing, and the sensation of a foreign body or sand in the eye.
Some patients complain of blurry vision.
Doctors do not know the exact cause of rosacea but believe that a combination of genetic predisposition and several types of environmental factors are related to its development.
Some researchers believe that rosacea is primarily a disorder of the blood vessels, or vascular system, in which something causes blood vessels to swell, resulting in flushing and redness.
A tiny organism called Demodex folliculorum, a mite that lives in facial hair follicles, may be involved.
Some researchers believe that these mites clog the sebaceous gland openings, leading to inflammation.
Other investigators have shown a possible link between rosacea and Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that causes infection in the gastrointestinal system.
Some research has suggested that the immune system may play a role in the development of rosacea in some people.
While rosacea cannot be cured it can be treated and controlled.
Treatment goals are to control the condition and improve appearance.
Doctors usually prescribe a topical antibiotic, such as metronidazole, that is applied directly to the affected skin.
Electrosurgery and laser surgery may be options to treat redness, enlarged blood vessels, and rhinophyma.
Finally, sunscreens, particularly those that protect against ultraviolet A and B light waves and have a sun-protecting factor (SPF) of 13 or higher, are recommended for all people with rosacea.
Another type of rosacea, called vascular rosacea, is commonly seen in women.
Blood vessels under the skin of the face swell (telangiectasia).
As a result, flushing and redness become persistent and, eventually, permanent.
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